By:Krissia Blanco Rodríguez.
Regenerative therapies aim
- improve the local anatomy,
- regenerating periodontal tissue previously destroyed
- Fully restoring a normal periodontal status
- improving the prognosis of the tooth
This procedure involves the surgical application of a biocompatible membrane (can be absorbable or
nonabsorbable) to isolate and protect the bone defect.
If non-resorbable membrane is in a second surgery to remove 4-6 weeks.
The biological basis of this procedure is based on preventing the migration of epithelial tissue within the periodontal bone defect (Melcher et al. 1976).
This prevention allow time for the bone and tissues heal insertion.
During the normal healing process, it appears that the epithelial tissues migrate rapidly into the defect preventing regeneration (Nyman et al. 1982).
For guided tissue regeneration must take into account the following aspects:
- Biocompatibility.
- Integration with the tissues.
- Tissue separation.
- Maintenance of space.
The ideal properties of the membranes used in GTR are:
- biocompatible
- inert
- sterile
- create a space
- occlusive
- easy to handle
- slowly absorbable and
- resist infection if exposed.
The barriers used in guided tissue regeneration are classified into two main groups:
- nonabsorbable
- the absorbable
Non-resorbable membrane: they have the disadvantage that they require a second surgery after a 4 or 6 weeks of the first, most of these barriers is composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The first is a fluorocarbon polymer with large inert properties and biocompatibility, non-porous and does not cause foreign body reactions.
The second is chemically identical to the first and exhibits minimal inflammatory reaccióntisular a variety of tissues, has porous microstructure.
Resorbable membranes, eliminating the need for a second surgery, reduce the risk of additional trauma, thus reducing costs.
They are classified into two types - those made from synthetic polymers, such as Atrisorb composed of polylactic acid.
Those made from natural materials, among which are the membranes of collagen type I, calcium sulfate and enamel protein.
The type I collagen membranes retain their office for weeks.
Guided tissue regeneration is one of the many treatments used to treat periodontal disease.
Garrett S. Periodontal regeneration around natural teeth. Ann Periodontol 1996;1(1): 621-66.
The American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of Periodontal Terms. 3rded. Chicago. TheAmerican Academy of Periodontology 1992.
Melcher AH. On the repair potential of periodontal tissues.J Periodontol 1976;47:256-60.
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